Adoption in Texas

Adoption is the process of adopting a child, which can be both rewarding and challenging. It is important to know what you are committing to before you adopt.

State adoption laws tend to vary from state to state, although there has been an effort to adapt state laws to the standards outlined by the Uniform Adoption Act.

Texas adoption laws allow just about any adult to adopt a child (although the consent of the child is required if he or she is 12 years of age or older). Although same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide after the Supreme Court’s 2015 Obergfell v. Hodges ruling, Texas lawmakers have attempted to pass legislation that would allow private (but state-funded) adoption agencies to refuse adoption applicants on the basis of religious belief. The latest such bill, called the Freedom to Serve Children Act, would allow discrimination against LGBTQ individuals, religious minorities, and others hoping to adopt a child. But it’s not clear whether such a law would survive judicial review.

In general, private adoptions run between $14,000 and $35,000, though $20,000 to $30,000 is average. For infant adoptions that are facilitated by an adoption agency, the costs usually run between $25,000 and $30,000, though expenses could run upwards of $40,000.

Licensing requirements for foster or adoption

Must be at least 21 years of age, financially stable and responsible, and a mature adult.
Complete an application (staff will assist you if you prefer).
Share information regarding their background and lifestyle.
Provide relative and non-relative references.
Be single, married, widowed, or divorced. Please show proof of marriage if you are married and/or proof of divorce if you are/were divorced and proof of spouse’s death if widowed.
Agree to a home study which includes visits with all household members and inspection of all parts of the home, grounds, and outbuildings.
Allow staff to complete a criminal history background check and an abuse/neglect check on all adults in the household. (Adults are people age 14 and older who live in or visit your household regularly.)
Attend free training to learn about issues of abused and neglected children.

The training provides an opportunity for the family and the family’s agency to assess whether foster care or adoption is best for the family. The family may withdraw from the training meetings at any time. There is no charge for the training meetings. Foster and adoptive parents generally train together.

Basic Requirements

The prospective foster/adoptive parents may be single or married and must:

be at least 21 years of age, financially stable, and responsible mature adults,
complete an application (staff will assist you if you prefer),
share information regarding their background and lifestyle,
provide relative and non-relative references,
show proof of marriage and/or divorce (if applicable),
agree to a home study which includes visits with all household members,
allow staff to complete a criminal history background check and an abuse/neglect check on all adults in the household, and
attend free training to learn about issues of abused and neglected children.

The training provides an opportunity for the family and DFPS to assess whether foster care or adoption is best for the family. The family may withdraw from the meetings at any time. There is no charge for the meetings. Foster/adoptive parents generally train together.

Additional Foster Care Requirements

In addition to the basic requirements, foster parents must:

have adequate sleeping space.
allow no more than 6 children in the home including your own children or children for whom you provide daycare.
agree to a nonphysical discipline policy.
permit fire, health and safety inspections of the home.
vaccinate all pets.
obtain and maintain CPR/First Aid Certification.
obtain TB testing as required by the local Health Department for household members.
attend 20 hours or more of training each year.

Responsibilities of Foster and Adoptive Families

Foster Parents:

provide daily care and nurturing of children in foster care;
advocate for children in their schools and communities;
inform the children’s caseworkers about adjustments to the home, school, and community, as well as any problems that may arise, including any serious illnesses, accidents, or serious occurrences involving the foster children or their own families;
make efforts as team members with children’s caseworkers towards reunifying children with their birth families;
provide a positive role model to birth families and
help children learn life skills.

Adoptive Parents:

provide permanent homes and a lifelong commitment to children into adulthood;
provide for the short-term and long-term needs of children;
provide for children’s emotional, mental, physical, social, educational, and cultural needs, according to each child’s developmental age and growth;
may become certified as a foster family and accept children who are not legally free for adoption, but whose permanency plan is adoption.

Can foster families adopt?

Yes! Many families are interested in both fostering and adopting. They agree with the agency that the children’s needs come first. In most cases, this means helping prepare children for reunification with their birth family, mentoring the birth parents, or working toward a relative or kinship placement.

When termination of parental rights is in the children’s best interest and adoption is their plan, then foster parents who have cared for the children will be given the opportunity to adopt. Dual certification of parents to both foster and adopt speeds up the placement process, reduces the number of moves a child makes and allows relationships to evolve with the initial placement process. Nearly half the adoptions of children in DFPS foster care are by their foster families.

Can adoptive families provide foster care?

Yes! Adoptive families who are willing to accept placement of children who are not yet legally free for adoption but have a plan for adoption can also become certified as foster families. This dual certification increases the opportunities for successful adoptions. In some areas of the state, a “buddy system” has been developed in which experienced foster families, who understand the challenges and rewards of foster parenting, are available to share experiences with new families and give support.

Topic – Adoption

How much does it cost to adopt a child in Texas?